What is a Fraction? – Definition and Types

Fractions may be your friend’s worst nightmare, but they don’t have to be yours. Watch this video lesson to learn about fractions and how you can understand them easily. Also, learn to identify the different types of fractions.
What Is a Fraction?
Fractions give some people nightmares, but this doesn’t have to be you. Keep watching this video lesson, and you will come out with a better understanding of fractions. And hopefully, you won’t feel so afraid of them.
We begin with a definition of what fractions are. A fraction simply tells us how many parts of a whole we have. You can recognize a fraction by the slash that is written between the two numbers. We have a top number, the numerator, and a bottom number, the denominator. For example, 1/2 is a fraction. You can write it with a slanted slash like we have or you can write the 1 on top of the 2 with the slash between the two numbers. The 1 is the numerator, and the 2 is the denominator.
What does this fraction mean? Well, if we picture a pie, the bottom number tells us how many slices to slice the pie, and the top number tells us how many of those slices we can have. So 1/2 tells us that we have sliced our pie into two slices, and we can take 1 of those slices. Isn’t that half of the pie? So 1/2 of a pie is half a pie! Now that’s a pretty big slice! Top it with whipped cream, and we are good to go!
Within the world of fractions, we do have several types and ways of writing them. Let’s discuss these now.
Proper and Improper Fractions
First, we have what we call ‘proper’ and ‘improper’ fractions. Proper fractions are those fractions where the numerator is less than the denominator. An improper fraction is a fraction where the numerator is greater than the denominator. For example, the fraction 7/8 is a proper fraction, where 8/7 is an improper fraction.
Think of it as trying to take your slices from just one pie. With a proper fraction, you can take all your slices from just the one pie, but with an improper fraction, you need more than one pie to get the number of slices that you need. The fraction 7/8 tells you to take 7 slices out of a pie with 8 slices. You can take all your slices from just the one pie. But the fraction 8/7 says that you need 8 slices from a pie that only has 7 slices. If your pie only has 7 slices, you can only take 7 slices from one pie. To get your 8th slice, you need a second pie that is also sliced into 7 slices from which you can take one slice to make your 8th slice.
You could say that improper fractions are greedy fractions because you need more than one whole pie to satisfy it. Proper fractions can be satisfied by taking slices from just one pie.
Like and Unlike Fractions
Next, we have like and unlike fractions. Like fractions are those fractions that have the same denominator. Unlike fractions are those fractions that are different. For example, the fractions 3/4 and 2/4 are like fractions because they have the same denominator, 4. Just add the numerators and out the answer over 4 to get the sum.
Mathematically, 2/4 simplifies into 1/2 because we can divide both the top and bottom numbers by 2. When we can divide both the numerator and denominator by the same number, we should do so to simplify the fraction. For example, the fraction 6/9 can be simplified to 2/3 since we can divide the 6 by 3 and the 9 by 3 as well. 6 divided by 3 is 2, and 9 divided by 3 is 3, so 6/9 simplifies to 2/3.
 
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