Differentiate training from education and development. 

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reference book
TEXTBOOK: Noe, R.E. (2017) Employee Training and Development 7e. NY: McGraw Hill. Do not use previous editions.
reply to the students’ response in 150 words minimum and provide 1 reference
question
Differentiate training from education and development.
Student response
 
Training is different from education and development but are each other’s components. Training is a learning method of development of a particular skill needed by the company. The company needs to have a plan and goal before implementing a training session for its employees because training “facilitate learning of job-related competencies, knowledge, skills and behavior” (Noe, 2017) of the employee.
Education on the other hand is the theoretical form of learning by reason, judgment, concepts and principles. Development is a continuous growth process using educational and training resources to help individual grow professionally, obtain more responsibility and knowledge for future positions and jobs.
Training comes after understanding the educational background of the positon or related field of work.  For example, companies like US Airways, provides five weeks of training to all new hires to provide great customer services and safety in the aviation industry (Noe, 2017).  The right training method is best effective if it meets “instructional or training goals and objective” (Noe, 2017) which can prove results in company’s growth and profit.
Reference:
Neo, A (2017). Employee Training and Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
 
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Framework of Strategies for IHRM Functions

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Framework of Strategies for IHRM Functions
The Portfolio Project for this course will challenge you to create a broad framework of strategies for an international human resources function. In this final module, you will complete your last strategy and then compile all of your strategies to create a broad framework for developing an international human resources functional strategy process.
Strategy 8: Alignment of HR and Strategic Business Units
Develop a working framework to guide an HR function to better align itself with the strategic business units of an organization. Further, use the same framework guide to develop a human capital profit process (developing, nurturing, and rewarding people) to aid the organization’s bottom line and to better align the human resources function with other strategic business units.
Compilation of Strategies:
Now compile Strategies 1-8 in a single document with a header for each strategy and a complete reference page for all sources. Incorporate the feedback provided by your instructor throughout the course and carefully revise and edit your entire IHRM framework. The completed framework should include an overall introduction to the framework and a conclusion that explains its merits to form a single, cohesive project.
Your final Portfolio Project (Framework of Strategies for IHRM Functions) should meet the following guidelines:
10 Pages in length (not including cover and reference pages).
Supported by a minimum of ten academic sources.
*Strategy 1-6 completed and attached.
*Strategy 7 not complete but instructions included in separate attachment
*Strategy’s 1-6 have been turned in before so they will have to be re-worked and re worded (Feel free to make any changes you like to them.
*Strategy 8 has to be completed as well (Instructions above)
*Need assignment by 7PM EST on Sunday 12/1
 
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Week 4 Discussion: Interest Rate, Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns

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Week 4 Discussion: Interest Rate, Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Part 1: Interest Rates
Many managers do not understand the various ways that interest rates can affect business decisions. For example, if your company decided to build a plant with a 30-year life and short-term debt financing (renewed annually), the cost of the plant could skyrocket if interest rates were to return to their previous highs of 12% to 14%. On the other hand, locking into high, long-term rates could be very costly also with a long period when low short-term interest rates were to be available. As you can see, the ability to know your economic environment and its impact on projected interest rates can be crucial to making good financing decisions.
Describe two to three macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general. Explain the effects of each factor on interest rates.
Now think about the industry in which you are employed or one in which you have past experience. To what macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive?
Describe two contemporary factors that seem to be impacting your industry today, and identify their impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry.
Support your comments with your own experiences, the weekly resources, and/or additional research. Use APA throughout and provide appropriate in-text citations and references.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock valuation
Dividend Discount Model Stock Valuation
How to value a company using discounted cash flow (DCF)
Stock Valuation and Investment Decisions

 
The links above contain information on stock valuation, risk, and returns. Please review each one of them. Based on the knowledge gained from the materials presented in the links above, complete the following activities:
Present a detailed discussion of what you learned about stock valuation. Provide examples of how your company has used the concepts. Do you believe financing a company’s operation using stock is better than financing with bonds? Why or why not? Support your discussion with a numerical example.
Based on the materials presented in the “Risk and Return” video, present a discussion on why the materials are important in financial decision making. How would you incorporate risk and return in your financing decisions?
Instructions:
1. Post your initial response to later than Saturday .
2. Read and respond to your classmates. Respond to at least 3 of your classmates’ posts. Below are additional suggestions on how to respond to your classmates’ discussions
 1st student response (Srujan Gandla) :
Part 1: Interest rates
As we know the term interest rate is defined as the amount received which is in relation to the amount we loaned. I think there is the number of forces which is taken into consideration especially evaluating the current and future interest rates (Nick, 2018). Main prime factors are
1)    U.S economy Condition: if the U.S economy is growing, there are more jobs for consumers which help lending through banks for buying car, home etc and leads to increase interest rate based on demand.
2)    Inflationary pressures: it will affect interest rates, as most of the loan is based on fixed rates, so the lender may show reluctant for any period of time if the repaid value is less than Purchasing value.
3)    International forces: it depends on if the foreign investors are ready to lend any money to the U.S
4)    Federal government: any actions or decisions by government impact the interest rates because it being the largest borrower.
5)    Dollar fluctuation: the dollar being the main currency in global trade, may lead to instability in international and domestic interest rates (Nick, 2018).
The most common macroeconomics factors which impact my industry (pharmaceutical)is the U.S economy condition and dollar fluctuations based on share value. The interest rates may rise because of more demand among our sector by the economic condition of the country. Fluctuations of a dollar in the share market may reduce investors and increase interest rates. Some of the other monetary factors are political executions, competitors products share value, income level, overall GDP and natural calamities. The main components which show an impact on the industry are 1) social factors 2) demographic conditions 3) environmental 4) technological issues 5) economy situation (Nick, 2018).
Finally, interest rates depend on several macroeconomics factors and effect any type of industry.
Part 2: stock valuation, risk, and return
From the videos, it clearly showed how stock valuations are calculated and how the company expects the investment returns for their future investments. The main criteria like the loan cost impacts and credit status which makes the investors believe and expect their future investments. For me the stocks are the good option than bonds, a good example of my own company if we offer machines for $10 per year, so what amount we will end up paying off this machine and say it zero maintenance cost.
So here $10 is owners profit, which is free and clear
But for next year the value will not be $10, which is now and invest you get $10.5 or $11 by the next year. If you see risk or return, if you wish to get 10% rate of return, we should use the discount rate of 10% and you except the rate of return is $9.09 which is worth today(DPV=FV/1+R). The stock valuation is not very easy in practice as it allows to estimate free cash flow that to future only. But the bonds are safer in terms of initial investment and it will back anytime. But stocks will deliver high returns with having greater risk. (if the organizations fall, all the stockholders lose their investment). Another step in risk or return for any making any financial decision is simple which is greater the risk greater the return as explained in above example and it varies from one financial manager to another financial manager to trade off risk- return (Bodie, et al:1980).
Reference:
Bodie, Z., & Victor I. Rosansky. (1980). Risk and Return in Commodity Futures. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(3), 27-39. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4478342
Retrieved from Nick timiraos, 2018
https://www.wsj.com/articles/fed-raises-interest-rates-signals-one-more-increase-this-year-1537984955
retrieved from n.d
https://info.finweb.com/banking-credit/factors-influencing-interest-rates.html
Retrieved from n.d
https://notendur.hi.is/ajonsson/kennsla2008/stock_valuation.pdf
2nd Student Response (Hyndavi Mandava) :
 
Interest Rates
In society, the term interest rates have been creating its own integrity by providing and offering based on human behaviors. In the organizations, most managers should have effective knowledge to understand the ways of interest rates. So in many cases, they are taking wrong decisions it should lead to getting lost in the business. When we start the business, first of all, we should have the basic plan can have to decide to build a plant with a 30-year life. Based on the financing it has been renewed annually we have to return the amount by adding the interest. On the other hand, most of the people are preferred to take the amount for a long period of time by asking them to low-interest rates (Cheung, 2019).
Based on the requirement of the client they should move with either for short time return process or long term return process. As per the economic growth, we have to know that to keep a better environment and it has been projected its impact on the interest rates. The manager should have to take care of the company’s financial assets by providing better decisions to occupy positions (Hassan, 2019).
Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock valuation: Within the company in order to the process of calculating overall values and their stocks is the way it is known as stock valuation. Based on the decision of investors it has been predicting future market prices helps to find out which stocks are undervalued.  For the process of investment, it was useful to remember that an NPV of zero does not make any money. It means we will make neither more nor less than the rate of return on our investment that is implied by our discount rate. By various internal and external factors, the capital structure decision has been considered for the firm is affected. Based on the potential differences and trade-off existed in the business organization the risk and return have been depending (Liu, 2019).
References
Cheung, E. C., Ng, M. C., & Ma, Y. C. (2019). The Multi-Faceted Effects of Partial Interest Rate Liberalization in China. Chinese Economy, 52(2), 171–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2018.1545359
Hassan, K., Hoque, A., & Osman, M. (2019). Is Long Rate Decoupling from Short Rate? Revisiting Expectation Hypothesis of Australian Term Structure of Interest Rate. Journal of Developing Areas, 53(3), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2019.0039
Liu, K. (2019). China’s Interest Rate Pass-Through to Government Bonds and Monetary Independence. Journal of Developing Areas, 53(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2019.0028

 
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Do you think that cultural competency should be included as a core competency in most businesses? Why or why not

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Part 1
Respond to the following discussion question. To earn full credit, post a response of 150 words that includes at least 1 APA citation and the associated reference:
Today’s organizations are flatter and offer fewer opportunities for advancement. How do you think careers should be developed in this type of organizational environment? Why would this offer a firm a competitive advantage.
Part 2
In your journals in this class, you will be applying what you are learning about to your personal learning and career development. Your journal post should be 150 words long. For this unit:
Consider your use of social media and your career development. How separate are these two activities? Identify ways you could utilize social media for your development and for your enhancement.
Part 3
Write a 4-5 page paper in APA format (not including the cover page and reference page) that responds to the prompts below the scenario.
Scenario.  As discussed in the Manager’s Notebook, “Competencies in a Global Workplace,” competencies can come from a variety of sources, including the job, the strategic direction of the organization, and the global nature of the business. Whatever the source, once competencies are identified, they typically become the key aspects measured in a performance appraisal system. For example, a competency for a salesperson’s job would likely include customer service. The formal performance appraisal for this job might then include a customer service dimension and include, for example, behavioral standards, such as “salesperson greets customer” and “salesperson helps resolve customer complaints,” on which salespeople are evaluated. In short, competencies become the criteria by which performance is measured.
Competencies should reflect what workers do on the job. For example, a job might include dealing with customers, putting together customer products, and expediting orders. Competencies associated with this type of job might include interpersonal skills, negotiation ability, problem solving, and organization skills. These competencies could then be illustrated and measured with observable reflections of these competencies, such as behaviors.
Competencies can reflect more than the core tasks that make up a job. As presented in the Manager’s Notebook, “Competencies in a Global Workplace,” competencies can be based on the strategic direction of an organization. For example, a manufacturing organization might commit to a strategy of customer service in order to have a competitive advantage in its industry. Engaging in customer service isn’t how the company currently operates, and it isn’t reflected in its current manufacturing jobs. However, customer service is a strategic target for the company. If it is going to reach this strategic target, customer service needs to be included as a competency and become part of how jobs are performed in the company.
Competencies can also reflect the global nature of business. The ability to recognize and deal with diverse values and cultures can be critical in today’s global environment. Global businesses routinely confront diversity in culture and language. However, increases in minority and immigrant populations are forcing local organizations to adapt to culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Cultural competency is increasingly being recognized as an important capacity. Cultural competency means that you not only have knowledge of a culture, but that you also have the skills needed to work with that particular ethnic group and the attitude to do so effectively.
Many organizations would benefit from improvements in their cultural competency. Teamwork and productivity suffer if a diverse workforce lacks cultural competency. Further, a lack of cultural competency could negatively affect service and sales to customers.
Assignment Goal.  Write a cohesive essay that responds to the prompts below.
1. Is there a distinction between diversity and cultural competency, or are they the same thing? Explain.
2. Of the three sources of competencies discussed—job, strategy, and global factors—what is their relative importance? That is, how would you weigh each of the three categories of competencies? For example, should they all be weighted the same, or should the ability to perform the current tasks take precedence over strategically important competencies or cultural competency?
3. Do you think that cultural competency should be included as a core competency in most businesses? Why or why not
4. Illiterate workers can suffer from embarrassment and fear that keeps them from admitting their problem. Instead, they may cope by asking questions, observing others, and relying on informal assistance from others. If illiterate workers can effectively cope with a work environment, do you think there is still a problem? Explain. How would you go about identifying workers who should receive literacy training?
5. Companies use various tactics to encourage managers to make employee development a top priority. What do you think of the policy of tying financial rewards to people development? What are some other ways companies can hold managers accountable for developing those they supervise?
6. As a manager, what could you do to offer career development for your workers? Do you think it would be worth it? Why or why not?

 
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What is the content of your plan? 

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 The Community Health System has 5 suburban hospitals with 7,000 staff revenue of and total revenue of 1B. All of CHS assets are in Wessex County. City Medical Center is a teaching hospital in the only large city in Wessex County. CMC has 5,000 staff and revenue of 800m. The System and the Medical Center have decided to merge. The merger will cause tertiary cases in Wessex to go to CMC. The suburban areas of Wessex are 70% Caucasian, and 10% African American, Latino and Asian respectively. The city is 60% African American, 20% Latino and 10% White and Asian respectively. The staffs, boards and patient census of each entity reflect the demographics of their respective areas. You have been designated to be the CHRO of the new merged entity. Your CEO asks you for a plan for the new Board and a staffing plan to reflect the patient populations including the new patients from CHS going to CMC. What is the content of your plan?

 
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Discuss the characteristics that virtual team members should possess. 

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Please read Chapter 4 Case Study #2 on pages 174 – 175.
In your first post please address the following:
1. What advantages did Lockheed Martin gain by using virtual teams?  Explain.
2. Identify and discuss potential problems with using virtual teams – for example, interpersonal, technical, or geographical concerns.
3. Discuss the characteristics that virtual team members should possess.
4. What specific training should virtual teams receive?
In your second response, please comment on one of your classmate’s responses.
Do you think that your classmate should have included another factor?  Why or why not?
Maybe you agree with your classmate, but for another reason that he or she stated.  If so, explain.
 
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What recommendations would you give Kodak for improving this analysis, and what type of training do you think should be done now?

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Please read Chapter 7 Case Study #2 on Pages 334-335
In your first response please address the following:
What can you tell about hoe Kodak did needs assessment for executive education?
What recommendations would you give Kodak for improving this analysis, and what type of training do you think should be done now?
How would you go about evaluating the effectiveness of these educational experiences?
Do you believe that company profitability should be used as a criterion?
Can more training save Kodak?
Assuming that a needs assessment is accomplished and specific learning outcomes have identified, feedback over time should be accomplished to determine whether the trainees can demonstrate the desired outcome whether it involves understanding or performing. Presumably if the needs have been properly identified, profits should result but conditions beyond the firm’s control (such as an upturn or downturn in the global economy) may limit the effectiveness of that criterion?
 
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Analyze these practices to determine if they help to create an environment that does not need a union.

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please choose 1 non-union company within the website: https://fortune.com/best-companies/2019/search
 
Research a non-union company on the Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® list.
Describe at least three of the following items in a 15- to 20-slide presentation that includes speaker notes and graphs or graphics to illustrate your point.
Hiring and selection practices
Training and Development
Compensation and Benefits
Performance Feedback
Employee engagement
Analyze these practices to determine if they help to create an environment that does not need a union.
Cite any outside sources according to APA formatting guidelines.
 
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Describe the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion.

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Describe the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion.
Identify challenges faced by learners with special needs.
Summarize the requirement for improved performance of students with disabilities under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
Examine how Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are impacting the learning of students with special needs.     150 words
 
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Most unions have opposed free trade agreements, such as NAFTA. On the other hand, most employer lobbying groups have supported such agreements.  

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TOPIC:

Most unions have opposed free trade agreements, such as NAFTA. On the other hand, most employer lobbying groups have supported such agreements.

*Create an argument for one side or the other.

Please use at least three references from class resources to support your argument.

Writing a Thesis and Making an Argument
——————————————————————————–
REFERENCES TO CHOOSE FROM:
https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/oecon/chap9.htm
https://www.trade.gov/fta/
Benefits of Trade Agreements
Employee rights when working for multinational employers
Free Trade Agreements with 20 Countries
Corporations and Workers Rights
Codes of Conduct for Multinational Corporations: An Overview
Scientific Research Community on Globalization, Regionalization and Economic and Social Inequality (GRESI)
 
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